my.datafile <- tempfile()
cat(file=my.datafile, "
Alabama 1623 1608
Alaska 1513 1495
Arizona 1539 1551
Arkansas 1692 1697
California 1513 1505
Colorado 1699 1721
Connecticut 1535 1532
Delaware 1455 1351
DistrictofColumbia 1385 1400
Florida 1447 1457
Georgia 1445 1452
Hawaii 1448 1453
Idaho 1598 1364
Illinois 1807 1807
Indiana 1469 1470
Iowa 1777 1763
Kansas 1734 1752
Kentucky 1711 1741
Louisiana 1651 1655
Maine 1391 1380
Maryland 1492 1483
Massachusetts 1549 1553
Michigan 1760 1782
Minnesota 1778 1780
Mississippi 1660 1673
Missouri 1764 1773
Montana 1592 1595
Nebraska 1745 1734
Nevada 1460 1454
NewHampshire 1559 1567
NewJersey 1508 1521
NewMexico 1618 1626
NewYork 1460 1463
NorthCarolina 1475 1479
NorthDakota 1759 1799
Ohio 1606 1635
Oklahoma 1683 1689
Oregon 1540 1539
Pennsylvania 1473 1480
RhodeIsland 1477 1468
SouthCarolina 1436 1436
SouthDakota 1737 1760
Tennessee 1710 1709
Texas 1446 1437
Utah 1667 1684
Vermont 1538 1540
Virginia 1516 1528
Washington 1560 1537
WestVirginia 1512 1513
Wisconsin 1767 1771
Wyoming 1692 1757
", sep=" ")

options(scipen=999) # suppressing scientific notation

# Name the data set and give the variables (columns) names:
statesat <- read.table(my.datafile, header=FALSE, col.names=c("state", "sat2011", "sat2014"))
attach(statesat)
diff <- sat2014 - sat2011; 
# The variable "diff" measures the change in average SAT score from 2011 to 2014 for each state